Bell, Andrew

Identity Statement

Reference code(s)	: GB 0096 MS 1110
Held at	: Senate House Library, University of London   Click here to find out how to view this collection at http://www.senatehouselibrary.ac.uk/our-collections ›
Full title	: Bell, Andrew
Date(s)	: 1797-1807
Level of description	: Fonds
Extent	: 1 file
Name of creator(s)	: Bell | Andrew | 1753-1832 | educationalist
Detailed catalogue	: Click here to view repository detailed catalogue

Context

Administrative/Biographical history:

Andrew Bell, born St. Andrews, Scotland, 27th March 1753; entered St. Andrews University aged sixteen to study mathematics and natural philosophy; moved to America and became a tutor to a family that owned a tobacco planation in Virginia. Bell returned to St. Andrews in 1781 where he took orders in the Church of England. After a period at the Episcopal Chapel in Leith he became an army chaplain in India. Eight years later he was appointed superintendent of the Madras Male Orphan Asylum, an institution founded by the East India Company for the sons of its soldiers. The teachers at the Madras Male Orphan Asylum were badly paid and of poor quality. Bell had the idea that some of the teaching could be done by the pupils themselves. He selected a clever eight year old boy who he taught to teach the alphabet by writing on sand. This approach was successful and so he taught other boys how to teach other subjects. Bell called his new system of education, mutual instruction. Bell returned to England in 1796 and the following year published An Experiment in Education, an account of the teaching methods he had developed in Madras. In 1798 St. Botolph's School in Aldgate became the first institution in England to use Bell's system. Other teachers also adopted mutual instruction, including Joseph Lancaster, a young teacher at the Borough School in London. Lancaster amended Bell's methods and gave it the name, the monitorial system. Lancaster was a Quaker and his approach was adopted by other Nonconformist schoolteachers. Some of Bell's supporters in the Church of England became concerned about this development. Sarah Trimmer, who used Bell's methods to teach her twelve children, warned in an article published in the Edinburgh Review that Lancaster's example might increase the growth of nonconformity in England. Bell responded to the fears expressed by Trimmer by publishing Sketch of a National Institution (1808). In this pamphlet Bell urged the Church of England to use his methods throughout the country. Progress was slow and so in 1811 Bell formed the National Society for Promoting the Education of the Poor in the Principles of the Established Church. Bell became superintendent of the society and with the help of people such as William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Robert Southey, the movement grew rapidly. By the time Andrew Bell died on 27th January 1832, the Society for the Promoting the Education of the Poor had established 12,000 schools in Britain.

Content

Scope and content/abstract:

The collection comprises two pamphlets and associated material: An Experiment in Education made at the Male Asylum of Madras (1st Edition) by Andrew Bell, signed by the author to the Lord Bishop of London (1797); An Experiment in Education made at the Male Asylum of Madras (2nd Edition) by Andrew Bell, signed by the author to the Lord Bishop of London (1805); also including a handwritten draft of the pamphlet, A Short Account of my New System of Education for the Poor by Bell, with annotations and corrections (59pp) (21 December 1807); two pages of an unidentified draft, possibly by Bell (n.d.)

Access & Use

Language/scripts of material:
English

System of arrangement:

No further arrangement required.

Conditions governing access:

Access to the items in the collection is unrestricted for the purpose of private study and personal research within the controlled environment and restrictions of the Library's Palaeography Room. Access to archive collections may be restricted under the Freedom of Information Act. Please contact the University Archivist for details.

Conditions governing reproduction:

Copies may be made, subject to the condition of the original. Copying must be undertaken by the Palaeography Room staff, who will need a minimum of 24 hours to process requests

Finding aids:

Collection level description

Archival Information

Archival history:

Immediate source of acquisition:

Possibly deposited with the Porteus Library.

Allied Materials

Related material:

British Library Manuscript Collections: correspondence with the Earl of Liverpool, 1813-18, (Ref: Add MSS 38253-73, 38572).

Publication note:

Description Notes

Archivist's note:
Compiled by Stefan Dickers as part of the RSLP AIM25 project.

Rules or conventions:
Compiled in compliance with General International Standard Archival Description, ISAD(G), second edition, 2000; National Council on Archives Rules for the Construction of Personal, Place and Corporate Names, 1997.

Date(s) of descriptions:
March 2005.